Reported COVID-19 cases in Arizona were slightly lower last week, as was the percentage of tests returning positive for the virus, according to the state’s weekly update.
Health officials on Wednesday added 13,501 new COVID-19 cases and 59 new known deaths over the weeklong period ending Aug. 6. June and July saw relatively similar weekly case additions, and Wednesday’s was the lowest reported since May.
Case counts are still far below the winter, state data shows. Case numbers in recent months likely are not showing the full picture of infections as many more people have used at-home test kits and may not report positive results to their doctors or county health departments.
Arizona, like other states, is seeing ongoing elevated cases largely driven by two contagious subvariants of the virus, BA.4 and BA.5, with BA.5 the more dominant of the two. It’s also likely contributing to reinfections given its contagiousness and ability to evade antibodies.
Residents in five of Arizona’s 15 counties should be wearing face masks indoors in public because of COVID-19 levels, according to guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as of Aug. 4. Those counties were Mohave, Navajo, Apache, Yuma and La Paz.
The CDC’s “community level” guidance is updated weekly and ranks counties as low, medium and high, or green, yellow and orange. The six Arizona counties designated as “medium” were Coconino, Gila, Graham, Cochise, Santa Cruz and Pima. Maricopa, Yavapai, Pinal and Greenlee were “low” as of Aug. 4.
The metrics are based on a county’s COVID-19 hospital bed use, COVID-19 hospital admissions and case rates for the virus over the past week.
Reported cases since the pandemic began are over 2.2 million. Known deaths in Arizona are at about 30,900.
Wednesday marked the 24th of the weekly updates to the state’s data dashboard, instead of daily updates that Arizonans became accustomed to following for the latest data on infections, illnesses and deaths.
The previous week’s update added 15,034 cases and 74 deaths, compared with 17,249 cases and 70 deaths three weeks ago and 18,135 cases and 66 deaths four weeks ago.
This week’s update shows the differences between data reported for the week of July 31-Aug. 6 and July 24-30.
Health officials say weekly updates match how public health monitors trends and other disease reporting.
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Case numbers generally were relatively lower in the past couple of months, and public health experts estimate cases of the highly contagious omicron variant peaked in Arizona around mid-January.
The state data dashboard no longer shows key hospitalization information since Gov. Doug Ducey ended the COVID-19 emergency declaration March 30. State health officials said hospitals are no longer required to report some COVID-19 surveillance data to the state, meaning certain graphs showing weekly hospitalization levels for the disease and bed usage by COVID-19 patients are no longer updated.
At the time that data reporting stopped, hospitalizations for the disease had dropped steadily since late January.
The CDC still reports state hospitalization data for Arizona and showed a 4.9% decrease in the seven-day average of COVID-19 hospital admissions during Aug. 1-7 compared with July 25-31. Hospital admissions last week were down 83.3% from the peak seven-day average in early January 2021.
The number of known deaths in the state was at 30,901 as of Wednesday, after passing 30,000 known deaths in the May 4 update, 29,000 deaths in the March 30 update, 28,000 deaths in the March 9 update, 27,000 deaths on Feb. 10 and 26,000 deaths on Jan. 28. The state surpassed 25,000 deaths on Jan. 13. Deaths are now reported with a four-week lag.
Arizona’s overall pandemic death rate since early 2020 is the third-highest nationwide.
State data on breakthrough infections
The state in December began publicly disclosing data on breakthrough COVID-19 infections, and state officials say the data underscores the effectiveness of the vaccine, especially for people with booster doses.
Data from June show that 23.3% of hospitalizations and 22.4% of COVID-19 deaths were among fully vaccinated people without a booster, with 47.3% of hospitalizations and 42.7% of deaths among unvaccinated people. Fully vaccinated people with a booster made up 29.4% of hospitalizations and 34.9% of deaths in June.
The monthly data no longer includes a breakdown of cases by vaccination status, just hospitalizations and deaths. Health officials said that’s because testing changes, including more at-home testing, made that comparison “far less reliable.”
The COVID-19 virus’ disproportionate impact on older adults, who are also more likely to have a booster dose, could help explain why a higher percentage of people who were fully vaccinated and boosted died of COVID-19 in June than those who were fully vaccinated and not boosted. The effectiveness of boosters also appears to wane after several months. But the precise explanation for those percentages of deaths is unclear.
Looking at the proportions of deaths by vaccination status does not tell the risk, though. State health officials recommend considering the rates of death among boosted individuals versus unvaccinated individuals, which show significantly lower death rates in vaccinated and boosted individuals compared with unvaccinated individuals.
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Health officials emphasize the best protection against severe illness from COVID-19 is to remain up to date with recommended vaccinations, including second booster doses for those 50 and older and people who are immunocompromised.
Unvaccinated people 12 and older in Arizona had a 9.8 times greater risk of hospitalization from COVID-19 and 12 times greater risk of dying from COVID-19 in June compared with fully vaccinated people with a booster, according to a state analysis.
Unvaccinated people had a 8.4 times greater risk of hospitalization and 10 times greater risk of dying from COVID-19 compared with individuals who were fully vaccinated without a booster.
As of July 13, there had been 2,057 breakthrough deaths in fully vaccinated individuals, according to state health officials’ preliminary data, which works out to a breakthrough death rate of about 0.04% among fully vaccinated people.
Case rates and death reports
Contagious omicron subvariants, particularly BA.5, are contributing to many of the cases in Arizona, according to results from sequencing labs.
Percent positivity, which refers to the percentage of COVID-19 diagnostic tests that are positive, varies somewhat based on how it’s measured. It was high in the winter months, a sign of more community spread. Then it was much lower but began climbing upward in April.
Arizona’s percent positivity for COVID-19 testing was at 3% for the week of April 3, 4% for the week of April 10, 5% for the week of April 17, 6% for the week of April 24, 8% for the week of May 1, 11% for the week of May 8, 15% for the week of May 15, 18% for the week of May 22, 21% for the week of May 29, 22% for the week of June 5, 23% for the week of June 12, 27% for the week of June 19, 26% for the week of June 26, 28% for the week of July 3, 29% for the week of July 10, 29% for the week of July 17, 27% for the week of July 24 and 25% for the week of July 31. The percentages are now for all diagnostic tests conducted, rather than for unique individuals tested, after a change to the state dashboard.
A positivity rate of 5% or less is considered a good benchmark that the disease’s spread is under control.
The state’s overall COVID-19 death and case rates since Jan. 21, 2020, still remain among the worst in the country.
The COVID-19 death rate in Arizona since the pandemic began is 423 deaths per 100,000 people as of Tuesday, according to the CDC, putting it third in the country in a state ranking that separates New York City from New York state. The U.S. average is 310 deaths per 100,000 people as of Tuesday, according to the CDC.
New York City has the highest death rate, at 491 deaths per 100,000 people, followed by Mississippi at 426.
Arizona’s first known death from the disease occurred in mid-March 2020.
Many of the reported deaths occurred days or weeks before because of reporting delays and death certificate matching.
A total of 2,224,964 COVID-19 cases were identified across the state through Aug. 6.
Vaccination update
Arizonans ages 6 months and older are eligible for the Pfizer vaccine, while the Moderna vaccine is approved for children ages 6 months to 5 years and people 18 and older. The CDC has recommended the Johnson & Johnson vaccine on a more limited basis for people 18 and older. Many individuals are eligible for booster doses, too.
The state reported nearly 5.3 million people in Arizona — about 73.5% of the total state population — had received at least one vaccine dose through Aug. 6, with about 4.5 million residents fully vaccinated against COVID-19. The state’s data dashboard now separates out doses administered to Arizona residents versus all doses administered in the state.
Arizona’s rate of fully vaccinated people out of the total population was 62.8%, which was behind the national rate of 67.2%, according to the CDC as of Aug. 3.
Out of people ages 5 and older, 66.7% of those in Arizona were fully vaccinated, compared with 71.4% at the national level, CDC data shows.
Health experts strongly recommend booster shots for those eligible, especially with the omicron variant spreading. About 47.7% of fully vaccinated Arizonans over the age of 18 had received a first booster shot as of Aug. 3, below the national rate of 51.4% for that same age group.
What to know about latest numbers
Reported cases in Arizona: 2,224,964, as of Aug. 6.
Cases by county: 1,399,709 in Maricopa; 283,188 in Pima; 144,191 in Pinal; 66,610 in Yuma; 62,861 in Mohave; 53,610 in Yavapai; 48,679 in Coconino; 42,901 in Navajo; 35,115 in Cochise; 29,781 in Apache; 19,191 in Gila; 18,036 in Santa Cruz; 13,005 in Graham; 5,669 in La Paz; and 2,418 in Greenlee, according to state numbers.
The rate of cases per 100,000 people since the pandemic began is highest in Apache County, followed by Navajo, Gila, Santa Cruz, Graham and Coconino counties, according to state data. The rate in Apache County is 41,473 cases per 100,000 people. By comparison, the U.S. average rate since the pandemic began is 27,752 cases per 100,000 people as of Tuesday, according to the CDC.
The Navajo Nation reported 60,723 cases and 1,859 confirmed deaths as of July 28. The Navajo Nation includes parts of Arizona, New Mexico and Utah.
The Arizona Department of Corrections reported 15,313 inmates had tested positive for COVID-19 as of Tuesday, including 2,470 in Tucson, 2,277 in Eyman, 2,242 in Yuma, 1,785 in Lewis and 1,532 in Phoenix; 57,767 inmates statewide have been tested. A total of 5,550 prison staff members have self-reported testing positive, the department said. Sixty-two incarcerated people in Arizona are confirmed to have died of COVID-19, with 16 additional deaths under investigation.
The race/ethnicity breakdown of cases since the start of the pandemic in 2020 is 40% white, 29% Hispanic or Latino, 5% American Indian, 4% Black and 2% Asian/Pacific Islander. Race/ethnicity of positive cases since the onset of the pandemic is unknown in 15% of cases and listed as other race in 6% of cases.
Of those who have tested positive in Arizona since the start of the pandemic, about 21% were younger than 20, 42% were 20-44, 13% were 45-54, 11% were 55-64 and 12% were age 65 or older.
Laboratories had completed 20,442,677 total diagnostic tests for COVID-19 as of Aug. 6, 12.6% of which have come back positive. That number includes both PCR and antigen testing.
Percent positivity was at 25% for the week of July 31, slightly lower than previous weeks but still at a high level. The state numbers leave out data from labs that do not report electronically.
The state Health Department includes probable cases as anyone with a positive antigen test, another type of test to determine infection. Antigen tests (not related to antibody tests) use a nasal swab or another fluid sample to test for current infection. Results are typically produced within 15 minutes.
A positive antigen test result is considered very accurate, but there’s an increased chance of false-negative results, Mayo Clinic officials said. They say a doctor may recommend a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test to confirm a negative antigen test result.
Arizona as of Tuesday had the 14th highest overall case rate in the country since Jan. 21, 2020. Ahead of Arizona in cases per 100,000 people since the pandemic began are Alaska, Rhode Island, North Dakota, Guam, Kentucky, New York City, Tennessee, Florida, South Carolina, Utah, West Virginia, Wisconsin and Delaware, according to the CDC.
Arizona’s infection rate is 30,383 cases per 100,000 people, according to the CDC. The national average is 27,752 cases per 100,000 people, although the rates in states hard hit early in the pandemic may be an undercount because of a lack of available testing in March and April 2020.
Reported deaths in Arizona: 30,901
Deaths by county: 17,692 in Maricopa; 3,932 in Pima; 1,707 in Pinal; 1,511 in Mohave; 1,253 in Yavapai; 1,192 in Yuma; 923 in Navajo; 619 in Apache; 586 in Cochise; 489 in Coconino; 391 in Gila; 237 in Santa Cruz; 182 in Graham; 148 in La Paz; and 39 in Greenlee.
People age 65 and older make up 22,012 of the 30,901 deaths, or 71%. About 15% of deaths were among people 55-64 years old, 8% were 45-54 and 5% were 20-44 years old.
While race/ethnicity was unknown for 4% of deaths, 56% of those who died were white, 26% were Hispanic or Latino, 7% were Native American, 3% were Black and 1% were Asian/Pacific Islander, the state data shows.
The global death toll as of Wednesday was 6,425,791. The U.S. had the highest death count of any country in the world, at 1,034,877, followed by Brazil at 680,531 and India at 526,826, according to Johns Hopkins University.
Arizona’s 30,901 deaths represent about 3% of COVID-19 deaths in the United States.
Republic reporter Stephanie Innes contributed to this article.
Reach the reporter at Alison.Steinbach@arizonarepublic.com or at 602-444-4282. Follow her on Twitter @alisteinbach.
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