Monkeypox outbreak – live news: US releasing monkeypox vaccine from national stockpile for ‘high-risk’ people

Monkeypox, a rare tropical disease spread by wild animals in Africa, has unexpectedly spread abroad this month, posing questions about what precisely it is and how dangerous it might be.

A relatively mild viral infection, the disease has a six-to-16 day incubation period and sees patients first suffer fever, headaches, swellings, back pain, aching muscles and a general listlessness in its opening stages.

Once that passes and the fever breaks, the sufferer will experience a skin eruption, in which a rash spreads across the face, followed by the rest of the body, most commonly the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

The blemishes evolve from lesions into crusted blisters, which can then take three weeks to heal and disappear. While it would have initially been transmitted to humans by contact with the blood or bodily fluids of contaminated primates, or via intermediary rodents such as tree squirrels and Gambian rats, it is much more likely to be caught from fellow humans.

The WHO has warned against “misinformation, stigma and discrimination” around monkeypox.

Speaking during a question and answer session, Andy Seale, strategic adviser with the WHO’s HIV, hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections programme, said: “There are ways that we can work with communities to learn from really decades of experience around tackling stigma and discrimination with HIV. We want to apply that lesson, those lessons learned, to this experience.”

The number of confirmed monkeypox cases in the UK has gone up to 57. There are 56 confirmed cases in England, while Scotland reported its first case on Monday, revealed the figures released by the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA).

Northern Ireland’s Public Health Agency and Public Health Wales, each said they have had no confirmed cases.

But health officials warned the residents that even though the outbreak is “significant and concerning,” the risk to the UK population remains low.

The government has stocks of the smallpox vaccine which is being offered to very close contacts of those affected.

Those at the highest risk of contracting the disease are being directed to self-isolate at home for 21 days and monitor the symptoms.

US health officials are in the process of releasing some Jynneos vaccine doses for use in monkeypox cases, said the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Monday.

The US approved the use of more than 1,000 doses of the vaccine from the national stockpile, said the CDC officials, adding they expect this to ramp up quickly in the coming days.

Monkeypox will not cause the same kind of world-shaping disease outbreak as Covid, according to public health officials.

“We have vaccines squirreled away by our government,” Blossom Damania, a professor of microbiology and immunology at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, told NBC. “I don’t think people need to be alarmed. Monkeypox is a serious disease. We need to respect it and take it seriously, but we don’t need to panic.”

There are also two FDA-approved therapeutic drugs for smallpox that will likely treat the rare condition.

Public health officials are quick to note that people of all identities can catch and spread monkeypox, but they have said that a “notable fraction of cases” during this year’s outbreak are among gay and bisexual men.

“Some groups may have a greater chance of exposure right now, but by no means is the current risk of exposure to monkeypox exclusively to the gay and bisexual community in the US,” Dr John Brooks, chief medical officer for the CDC’s Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, said on Monday. “Anyone, anyone, can develop [and] spread monkeypox infection, but … many of those affected in the current global outbreak identified as gay and bisexual men.”

After the 9/11 attacks, US officials considered immunising the entire population against smallpox, a treatment that would’ve also protected against monkeypox.

However, the decision was ruled out because older smallpox vaccines carry a small risk of severe side effects, meaning mass vaccination campaigns would inevitably put some at risk.

“In the end, it was decided no, because of the negative consequences of vaccinating lots of people,” Bill Hanage, an epidemiologist at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, told The New York Times.

“Vaccine side effects are rare,” he added. “But once you start giving it to millions of people, then they will start to add up.”

The patient was identified as a only man who recently traveled to a country where other cases have been identified.

County health leaders said there’s no suspected health outbreak, and that less than a dozen people had close contact with the man.

The CDC will continue monitoring the situation, along with King County.

When it comes to monkeypox, there are some notable differences with Covid, which make the former much less likely to spread in mass numbers than the latter.

The disease requires prolonged in-person or fluid-to-fluid contact, and can be treated with multiple existing vaccines and therapeutic treatments.

As a result, public health officials are considering “ring vaccination” a likely approach going forward.

Using this methodology, rather than conduct mass vaccination campaigns, doctors will instead be more targetted, giving vaccines to close contacts of confirmed cases until an outbreak is stopped in its tracks.

As monkeypox cases crop up unexpectedly in countries across the globe, the US is releasing vaccines from the Strategic National Stockpile for “high-risk” patients.

The US has a “good stock” of smallpox vaccines, which are also effective and licensed for treatment against monkeypox, Dr Jennifer McQuiston of the CDC said on Monday.

“I can report that there has been a request for release of the Jynneos vaccine from the National Stockpile for some of the high-risk contacts of some of the early patients, so that is actively happening right now,” she said.